Typical water treatment processes result in 20% to 50% of the water. Coc is the number of times the constituents in the raw makeup water is concentrated in a cooling tower as water is evaporated. Chardon labs offers cooling tower treatment for new systems with two clear objectives in mind. Cooling tower systems operation is most efficient when their heat transfer surfaces are clean. Corrosion is an electrochemical or chemical process that may lead to the. To the city of portsmouth, new hampshire, herein called the owner. Circulate the preq 331 for 12 to 24 hours without a heat load on the tower. Makeup water water added to the system to replace water lost through evaporation, bleed of and windage recirculation the rate at which water circulates in the cooling tower in m 3 hour litressec bleed off water deliberately bled from the system to prevent the cooling system water from becoming too concentrated. The inhibitor consists of a chemical compound that added to water lowers the metals corrosion factor. The fanlaws can be used topredi ctthe pe rformance ofa towerwitha nonstandard motor. Side stream filtration for cooling towers prepared for the u. Common cooling tower water treatment problems and how to. They needed an immediate solution to clean the tower that was fast, cost effective, and did not require removal and manual cleaning of the towers fill material. A cooling tower water treatment system is an arrangement of technologies that remove damaging impurities from your cooling tower feed water, circulation water, andor blowdown.
Watertreatment and chemical conditioning of open and. What type of cooling tower you have open circulating, oncethrough, or closed loop. Internal chemical and external equipment based treatment possibilities and limitations have been discussed. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. Preventive maintenance program and plan for cooling.
Chemical treatment of water for cooling and heating systems. Score will be awarded for adoption of cooling tower water treatment system with cycles. Specifically, water treatment chemicals, such as chromium, are added to cooling tower waters to protect equipment and piping from corrosion, and to control algae growth in the tower. Cooling tower process tower basin distribution deck basin tower fill induced draft fan recirc pump return water supply water a tower cools water by evaporation by drawing high volume air across the water surface, which transfers heat to the atmosphere. Cooling tower chemical water treatment cooling tower services. So before we talk about the chemicals used in it, we should know what cooling water tower system is, so that we can understand easier then. Invitation to bid plainly marked, boilers and cooling. Range range is determined not by the cooling tower, but by the process it is serving. Different water filtration systems each offer differing benefits and associated costs. Claritys water treatment blog is dedicated to topics having to do with the water treatment industry.
Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling. Cooling tower water treatment the ongoing challenge of all industrial cooling water programs is to provide chemical programs that will maintain clean heat transfer surfaces. Cooling towers are an integral component of many cooling systems that provide comfort or process cooling. When the po4 level in the cooling water has dropped to below 15ppm, the longterm cooling tower treatment program can be started. The water is distributed over the wet deck fill by means of large orifice evapjet nozzles.
The use of corrosion inhibitor and scale prevent chemicals will allow the cooling tower water reuse to maximize before blowdown. Jake noted that the flow patterns indicated a problem with the old tower. Correct application of chemical treatment programs can eliminate many problems associated with cooling operations. Enter a cooling tower with caution chemical processing. Preventive maintenance program and plan for cooling towers utica cfmu00018 r1 printed copies are considered uncontrolled. Eliminating the need for water treatment chemicals for scale, corrosion and biological growth increasing chiller. Understanding key components of cooling towers and.
Other factors, which we will see, must be stated along with flow rate m3hr. Use smaller amounts of water than facilities using a oncethrough system based on industry survey data, the average blowdown flow rate was 0. The cooling towers at biogen idec are the largest users of water in the facility. Water flow a checking system for chemical products concentration in water flow is to. Each of the treatment concerns can decrease cooling tower performance, increase the use of. Standard chemical treatment of pilotscale cooling towers by the addition of free chlorine positive control was able to achieve appreciable reduction in both planktonic 23 orders of magnitude and sessile microbial growth 34 orders of magnitude in these towers. We will work with you to develop a customized cooling tower chemical treatment plan that will provide an effective defense against key contamination issues such as biological growth, concentrated mineral content and white rust formation.
Pdf gsa proving ground evaluated an electrochemical water treatment. Preventive maintenance program and plan for cooling towers. This means providing protection against corrosion, scale and biological fouling that will ensure continuous operation of equipment with minimal downtime. Invitation to bid plainly marked, boilers and cooling towers. Once properly treated, the system water does not form scale and has little or no corrosion potential. For legionella emergency disinfection purposes, an initial 50 ppm. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas. Careful consideration should be paid to developing individual chemical, mechanical, and application components to ensure cooling. A 40,000gal cooling towerchiller system composed of two 1,200ton centrifugal chillers, one 650ton chiller and two cooling towers was selected for the trial. This model sow provides details on factors to consider when purchasing chemicals and guidance for preparing purchasing documents. However, due to variations in the water source and their operating in an. We cover popular water treatment topics that include boiler water, cooling water, and waste water treatment.
Transfer system for transferring formulation into the dosing tank is provided. Progressive non chemical cooling tower water treatment supports stable system operation, prevents mineral scale, keeps bacteria, biofilm and pathogens under control, and permits cooling system operational practices to inhibit corrosion. This report of lessons learned has segregated the problems into two major areas. Corrosion and scale control chemical formulation is dosed continuously in the sump from dosing tank by dedicated metering dosing pumps. The hydrex 2000 series chemicals from veolia are the ideal cooling tower water treatment chemicals as they improve the efficiency and reliability of open, closed and oncethrough cooling water systems. In open circuit systems the recirculating water returns to the tower after 1 one ton of refrigeration is equal to 12,000 btuhour. Cooling tower water treatment rochester midland corporation. Cooling tower and heat exchanger efficiencies are of paramount importance in operating any watercooled process found. Biological control in cooling water systems using non. Sufficient information is included in this paper for a water treatment engineer to design, manufacture, and apply scale and corrosion control remedies throughout a wide range of conditions. Makeup water water added to the system to replace water lost through evaporation, bleed of and windage recirculation the rate at which water circulates in the cooling tower in m 3 hour litressec. The location of the cooling tower and the processes near the cooling tower can greatly affect the propensity for mb activity. Operation and maintenance of cooling towers must be in accordance with applicable regulations and bmps outlined in this document.
The hydrex 2000 chemical range is used for water treatment in cooling tower blow down and cooling tower side stream. A 40,000gal cooling tower chiller system composed of two 1,200ton centrifugal chillers, one 650ton chiller and two cooling towers was selected for the trial. This, in turn, helps conserve the amount of any makeup water or chemicals needed. Problems of cooling systems and possible solutions of suitable water treatment have been shown. Cooling water treatment cooling tower company in india. Industrial process cooling towers remove heat from chemical and industrial processes.
Water treatment the purpose of a cooling tower is to remove the heat generated by an hvac system cooling of compressor refrigerant and heat generated by the compressor itself. An effective cooling tower water treatment system will provide the right quality of water to your cooling tower, the correct circulation chemistry, allowing it to run efficiently, avoiding problematic deposition, and maintaining a manageable amount of blowdown. What is a cooling tower water treatment system and how does. Pdf electrochemical water treatment for cooling towers. Simultaneously, air is drawn in through the air inlet louvers at the base of the tower and travels upward through the wet deck fill opposite the water. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m 3hr through a. Open the cooling tower blowdown at the end of this step to reduce the phosphate level in the cooling water.
The undersigned, as bidder, herein referred to as singular and masculine declares as follows. When the solids concentration in the cooling tower water is triple that of the makeup water, it is described as three cycles of concentration. Conclusions table 2 shows the results of the midwestern industrial plants evaluation of their options to save. A comprehensive cooling water treatment program using.
Testing and evaluation of a chemicalfree cooling tower. Oct 26, 2016 a cooling tower water treatment system is an arrangement of technologies that remove damaging impurities from your cooling tower feed water, circulation water, andor blowdown. In addition, there was a history of process chemical leaks in the cooling tower water stream. Full hvac training course by ramy ghoraba pdf files. Two main types of closed water systems are used at many installations. Water treatment chemicals utilized for cooling tower systems which contain molybdenum are prohibited in the jea sanitary sewer. Cooling towers can be split into two distinct categories. Progressive nonchemical cooling tower water treatment supports stable system operation, prevents mineral scale, keeps bacteria, biofilm and pathogens under control, and permits cooling system operational practices to inhibit corrosion. F o r m u l a s a n d t a b l es formulasandtables fanlaws. Technical information for cooling towers using recycled water. Bibliography of technical papers cooling tower water. The treatment consisted of injection of a single emulsion of filming amines to achieve a residual level of 2 to 2.
Warm water from the heat source is pumped to the water distribution system at the top of the tower. Specifically, chemical softening lime or limesoda softening, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis are included. Cooling tower water treatment can be both chemical and physical. Modern treatment substances and their properties in. Cooling tower chemical water treatment cooling tower. Th e treatment consisted of injection of a single emulsion of fi lming amines to achieve a residual level of 2 to 2. Sufficient information is included in this paper for a water treatment engineer to design, manufacture, and apply scale and corrosion control remedies throughout a. Watertreatment and chemical conditioning of open and closed. Apr 24, 2017 in addition, there was a history of process chemical leaks in the cooling tower water stream. Lab result shows existence of legionella more than 1 one c. Electrochemical water treatment for cooling towers nrel. Cooling water treatment cooling tower may require these facilities. Cooling tower treatment filtration of recirculating water and treatment of tower blowdown to reduce waste is a common concern.
Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers pub. Oct, 2016 an effective cooling tower water treatment system will provide the right quality of water to your cooling tower, the correct circulation chemistry, allowing it to run efficiently, avoiding problematic deposition, and maintaining a manageable amount of blowdown. Cooling tower chemicals what is a cooling tower chemical. Realize lions share of savings from coc of 3 to coc of 10, savings level off after coc of 15.
Increasing the cycles of concentration is a very common water conservation measure for cooling towers. Annual chemical new water treatment ro concentrate is typically high in alkalinity, so it is important to either degasify the water or only mix it with soft water to avoid scale. Antimicrobials used in cooling water systems general information steam electric facilities using recirculating cooling water systems. The paper will focus on the pilot plant as an evaluation. Evoqua offers a broad s election of filtration solutions for cooling systems which will remove suspended solids in the recirculating water stream. The specific configuration of your system will depend on several things, including. Suezs combination of cooling tower treatment chemicals, software, monitoring and industry expertise can help prevent these issues or aid in the recovery from a failure event. If you have time, please watch some of posted cooling tower videos online. Eliminating the need for water treatment chemicals for scale. Cooling tower cycles of concentration cycle of concentration coc ratio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water typical coc 2. Location 103 industrial drive, waxahachie texas, 75165 972 93809. Cooling is accomplished through the latent heat of vaporization. Corrosion, deposition, fouling, and biological growth can derail your operations. A highly instrumentated cooling tower pilot plant was designed and constructed at the dow chemical texas division plant, freeport, texas, for the purpose of developing operating guidelines for fuse of various commercially available nonchromate cooling water treatment programs.
Food plants, for example, can contribute plenty of organic compounds for the bacteria to have. Targets of cooling water treatment in open and closed circuits were pointed out. Effective cooling tower water treatment for new system startup. Chlorine dioxide is also nonreactive with ammonianitrogen and with most treatment chemicals corrosion and scale inhibitors present in cooling water systems. Langenhoffb ainstitute for biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics ibed, university of amsterdam, amsterdam, the netherlands.
Microbiological control strategy in cooling tower systems. Cycles of concentration coc determines the water chemistry without chemical treatment. Prior attempts at cleaning the cooling tower system with a variety of biocides, both oxidizing and nonoxidizing, proved ineffective. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas ra nge e ntering water tem per ature leavingwater temperature.
Concerning cooling towers treatment, this prevents the deterioration of water pipes and thus keeping the system efficient. This would involve applications both to cooling water treatment and boiler water treatment using single pass and recirculating processes. As the water is reuse the water may become corrosive and the tendency of scaling may increase. It can also reduce treatment chemical costs, because when less water is used, fewer. A cooling tower chemical is defined as a corrosion inhibitor and scale prevent chemical and a cooling water biocide. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower. Download full hvac training course by ramy ghoraba four parts in pdf files free hvac tutorial download free mep calculation excel sheets, autocad drawings, and training courses for hvac, firefighting, plumbing and electrical systems design. Chardon laboratories is your best source for reliable cooling tower chemical treatment services. The startup of a new cooling system is a critical period in its lifecycle.
Maybe some of us didnt know what it is or maybe we even rarely heard about it or even see it. If the pollutant characteristics of cooling tower effluent meet the prohibited. A corrosion inhibitor and scale prevention chemical allows the cooling tower to reuse the water. Cooling systems use a significant amount of water, requiring reliable treatment. Understanding the differences in these technologies is necessary for proper selection. What is a cooling tower water treatment system and how.
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